Learning through experimentation in an oligopoly market with asymmetric information

Unlike previous literature, in which firms compete in the market with the same information, this article analyses a two‐period duopoly game in which only one firm is completely informed about the market conditions, whereas the other firm is unaware of one parameter of the demand curve. In this setting, we describe how the informed firm uses its price set in period 1 in order to reveal or to hide its private information and how the uninformed firm uses its own price in period 1 in order to learn the market conditions when they are not revealed by its rival. Specifically, we obtained the conditions under which the informed firm sets a higher price than its optimum in the first period to hide its private information in certain cases and to reveal that information in others. Likewise, this paper describes the conditions under which the uninformed firm sets a lower price than its optimum in period 1 in order to learn the unknown parameter. We found that the informed firm's cost of revealing its private information to its rival is lower than the uninformed firm's cost of learning the market conditions.     

基于云南省生物医药与大健康产业的专利分析与布局建议

对云南省近十年来的生物医药与大健康产业的专利申请数量进行检索，经过数据的筛选，从每年专利申请数量、主要申请人、技术领域等多个方面分析，分析其中的规律，对科研机构及政府产业布局提供一定的建议。     

生物过滤法处理炼油污水厂恶臭废气的相关分析

恶臭污染是一种感知污染,已成为危害人类健康的一大公害;作为日益严重的环境问题,越来越受到人们的重视。各种除臭的技术不断涌现,但是恶臭废气的控制和去除技术还有许多工作需要探讨。该文首先介绍了恶臭气体的形成,然后介绍生物除臭技术发展现状,并对当前重要的除臭技术进行简单对比分析,重点论述生物过滤法处理炼油污水厂恶臭废气的技术原理、去除效率和效果。     

防治外来生物入侵的法律对策思考

外来入侵物种是指从自然分布区通过有意或无意的人为活动而被引入,在当地的自然或半自然生态系统中形成了自我再生能力、给当地的生态系统或景观造成明显的影响的物种。外来入侵物种在当地定植、①扩展并产生一定影响的过程称为生物入侵。它们对入侵地的生态安全、经济发展以及人类健康造成了巨大的生态灾难和经济损失,因此,引起了人们广泛的关注。然而,由于缺乏对入侵生物的综合性认识,对于控制入侵生物措施的研究也才刚刚起步,还没有系统的控制外来入侵生物的有关程序与法规。为了保护中国的生物多样性,维护生态安全,亟须加快中国在这一领域的立法步伐。     

Valuing Australian botanic collections: a combined travel‐cost and contingent valuation study*

Economic values of biological collections in three Australian botanic gardens in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney were estimated using the travel‐cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM). The TCM component of the study produced average per‐trip consumer surplus (CS) values of $39 and $18 for single‐ and multiple‐site visitors, respectively, for each botanic garden, resulting in an estimate of approximately $194 million for the total social welfare generated by trips to the three sites. Marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for access to botanic gardens was also investigated through payment vehicles of entry fees or higher parking charges using the CVM component. The analysis revealed a positive mean WTP of between $3 and $5 per trip per person. The difference between the CVM and TCM results reflect the different underlying concepts of value under investigation: average CS per visit for the TCM and the utility arising from a marginal visit for the CVM. Marginal changes in CS from the TCM were derived. The confidence intervals from the TCM marginal values overlap the WTP estimates from the CVM. These findings will be useful for resource management decisions in the botanic gardens collection in Australia.     

现代微生物学技术在食品中的广泛应用

文章详细介绍了现代微生物技术在食醋生产中的具体应用,详细说明了微生物在食醋的应用、发酵与培养.未来,生物技术不仅有助于实现食品的多样化,而且有助于生产特定的营养保健食品,进而作用于治病健身领域.在与环境协调方面,生物技术还有助于食品工业的可持续发展.     

The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees: does management’s attitude play a role?

Examinations on the determinants of profit sharing usually focus on objective firm characteristics. Using data from manufacturing firms in Germany, this study shows that managers’ subjective attitudes towards profit sharing also play an important role in the adoption and termination of this payment scheme. Positive management attitudes are associated with an increased likelihood of adopting profit sharing. While to some extent this entails failed experimentation, positive managerial attitudes also substantially contribute to a sustained use of profit sharing. The pattern of results holds even when controlling for a variety of objective firm characteristics.     

环糊精在环境污染治理中的应用

针对环糊精在环境污染治理领域越来越广泛的应用前景,介绍了环糊精在环境污染治理方面的应用,主要包括环糊精对弱极性有机污染物的增溶作用、环糊精对环境中有机污染物的富集和治理、环糊精对有机污染物降解过程的影响、环糊精对污染物生物活性的影响等几个方面。     

生态修复过程中浮游动物的种群演变及水质生物学评价

通过对实施生态修复的围隔水体内的浮游动物的跟踪监测分析,试验前期原生动物有6种,轮虫有10种,枝角类1种,桡足类3种,浮游动物密度1736个/L,生物总量1.75mg/L。试验后期:原生动物有3种,轮虫7种,枝角类有5种,桡足类1种,浮游动物密度100个/L,生物总量0.418mg/L。原生动物、轮虫、桡足类种类下降,枝角类种类上升。浮游动物的密度下降了94.2%,生物下降了76.1%。试验水体从中营养型水体转变为贫营养型水体。     

Innovation labs in the public sector: what they are and what they do?

This article is a first comprehensive attempt to globally map and analyse innovation labs (i-labs) in the public sector. The article analyzes theoretical reasons why i-labs are created in the public sector and tests these assumptions in practice. During the empirical study, thirty-five such organizations all over the world were identified. The research is based on a two-step approach: first, a comprehensive survey was carried out followed by an extensive in-depth interview with the managing figures of i-labs; eleven i-labs responded. The article finds support for the assumptions of external complexity, technological challenges, emulation, and legitimization as reasons behind the creation of i-labs.